Summary:
"Animal Farm" by George Orwell is a classic allegorical novella published in 1945. Set on Manor Farm, the story presents a scathing critique of totalitarianism and reflects the events leading up to and during the Russian Revolution of 1917.
The novel begins with the animals of Manor Farm living under the oppressive rule of Mr. Jones, the human owner. Old Major, an elderly boar, shares his dream of a rebellion where animals can live in freedom and equality. Inspired by Old Major's vision, the animals unite and successfully overthrow Mr. Jones, taking control of the farm. They rename it "Animal Farm" and establish a set of principles known as the Seven Commandments, encapsulating the ideals of Animalism.
Initially, the animals experience a period of relative prosperity. Under the leadership of the pigs, especially Napoleon and Snowball, Animal Farm undergoes transformations, such as the implementation of committees, the organization of harvests, and the spread of literacy among the animals. Snowball, an idealistic and eloquent pig, strives for the improvement of Animal Farm, while Napoleon, a cunning and power-hungry pig, consolidates his own authority.
However, conflicts arise between Snowball and Napoleon, leading to Snowball's expulsion from the farm. Napoleon takes full control and gradually becomes a dictator, using fear and manipulation to maintain his power. The principles of Animalism are progressively distorted, and the original ideals of equality and liberation are eroded.
Over time, the pigs grow more similar to humans, engaging in activities they initially condemned. They rewrite the Seven Commandments to suit their own interests, engaging in trade with humans and adopting human vices. The other animals, who work tirelessly yet remain oppressed, are left disillusioned and powerless.
In the end, the pigs hold a grand feast with human visitors, and the animals witness their leaders becoming indistinguishable from the humans they once despised. The novel concludes with the iconic phrase, "All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others," highlighting the betrayal of the original vision and the establishment of a new ruling class.
"Animal Farm" serves as a powerful allegory for the corrupting nature of power, the dangers of totalitarianism, and the manipulation of language for political control. Orwell's work warns against the potential for revolutions to devolve into oppressive regimes and reminds readers of the importance of critical thinking, vigilance, and the preservation of democratic values.